Functional Anatomy & Evolution Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine 1830 E. Monument St., Room  Baltimore, MD  21205

Office Telephone: Email:

410-516-7444 cruff@jhmi.edu

Ruff, C.B. 2000. Biomechanical analyses of archaeological human skeletal samples. In: M.A. Katzenburg and S.R. Saunders (eds.): Biological Anthropology of the Human Skeleton. New York: Alan R. Liss, pp. 71-102.

Ruff, C.B. 2002. Long bone articular and diaphyseal structure in Old World monkeys and apes, I: Locomotor effects. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 119: 305-342.
[Click here for tab-delimited text file of primate structural properties data. Note: This file may be saved as a text file and imported into a spreadsheet program (e.g., Excel).]

Ruff, C.B. 2003. Long bone articular and diaphyseal structure in Old World monkeys and apes, II: Estimation of body mass. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 120: 16-37.

Ruff, C.B. 2003. Growth in bone strength, body size, and muscle size in a juvenile longitudinal sample. Bone 33: 317-329.

Ruff, C.B. 2003. Ontogenetic adaptation to bipedalism: Age changes in femoral to humeral length and strength proportions in humans, with a comparison to baboons. J. Hum. Evol. 45: 317-349.